KIM JONG IL MATI DALAM KERETA API

Berikut kepemimpinan Kim Jong-il dari masa
ke masa seperti dikutip dari Reuters:
Juli 1994: Kim Il-sung meninggal karena
serangan jantung dalam usia 82 tahun.
Kekuasaan kemudian diserahkan kepada
sang anak, Kim Jong-il. Ini merupakan
suksesi pertama dalam dinasti komunis
Korea Utara.
Oktober 1994: Pemerintahan Bill Clinton,
Amerika Serikat, menandatangani
kesepakatan dengan untuk membekukan
program nuklir Korut dengan imbalan paket
bantuan.
Juni 2000: Presiden Korea Selatan, Kim Dae-
jung dan Kim Jong-il bertemu di Pyongyang
dan menghasilkan perjanjian untuk
mengurangi ketegangan dan
mempertemukan keluarga di kedua negara
yang terpisah selama perang Korea.
Maret 2001: Korea Utara menghentikan
dialog dengan Korsel setelah Presiden AS
yang baru, George W Bush menerapkan
kebijakan pengawasan terhadap Korut.
Januari 2002: Dalam pidato resminya, Bush
menuding Korut bersama Iran dan Irak
sebagai 'poros setan'. Korea Utara
menyatakan tudingan AS itu sebagai
deklarasi perang.
Desember 2002: Korea Utara
mengumumkan niat mereka untuk membuka
reaktor Yongbon. Di akhir bulan, Korut
menonaktifkan perangkat pengawasan IAEA
dan mengusir inspektur badan pengawas.
Januari 2003: Korea Utara keluar dari Traktat
Non-Proliferasi Nuklir.
September 2005: Korea Utara mencapai
kesepakatan dengan China, Jepang, Rusia,
Korea Selatan dan Amerika Serikat untuk
meninggalkan semua senjata dan program
nuklir yang ada, dan kembali ke NPT.
Oktober 2006: Korea Utara melakukan tes
nuklir pertama.
Februari 2007: Korea Utara setuju menutup
reaktor untuk memulai dan mengizinkan
pemeriksaan nuklir PBB kembali dengan
imbalan bantuan.
Agustus 2008: Kim diduga menderita stroke
yang membuat dia absen dari publik selama
berbulan-bulan.
Agustus 2008: Pyongyang mengatakan akan
mundur dari pembekuan fasilitas Yongbyon.
Oktober 2008: AS akan mengeluarkan Korea
Utara dari kelompok negara sponsor
terorisme, menyusul kesepakatan verbal
inspeksi program nuklir. IAEA segera
diberikan akses ke reaktor Yongbyon.
April 2009: Korea Utara meluncurkan sebuah
roket. Seminggu kemudian, Dewan
Keamanan PBB mengutuk Korea Utara.
Sehari kemudian, Korea Utara menyatakan
akan keluar dari pembicaraan nuklir pihak
terkait nuklir dan memulai kembali reaktor
Yongbyon. Mereka juga mengusir inspektur
PBB.
Mei 2009: Korea Utara menyatakan telah
melakukan uji coba nuklir.
Maret 2010: Sebuah kapal korvet angkatan
laut Korea Selatan tenggelam, menewaskan
46 pelaut. Korea Selatan mengumumkan
bahwa penyelidikan menunjukkan Korut
telah menghajar kapal itu dengan torpedo.
Mei 2010: Kim mengatakan dia tetap
berkomitmen untuk "denuklirisasi" di
semenanjung Korea, selama kunjungan ke
China.
Agustus 2010: Kim mengunjungi China,
bertemu dengan Presiden Hu Jintao di timur
laut Kota Changchun.
September 2010: Kim mengumumkan anak
bungsunya Kim Jong-un sebagai
penggantinya pada konferensi Partai Buruh.
Oktober 2010: Kim Jong-un menghadiri
latihan militer.
Mei 2011: Kim Jong-il dan para pemimpin
Cina bersumpah bahwa aliansi mereka akan
berlangsung hingga ke penerus mereka.
Agustus 2011: Di China, Kim mengatakan
bersedia untuk kembali ke pembicaraan
nuklir. Hari sebelumnya, Presiden Rusia
Dmitry Medvedev membahas program nuklir
Pyongyang dengan Kim di Siberia.
September 2011: Kim dan Kim Jong-un
menghadiri ulang tahun ke-63 negaranya
dan meninjau parade militer.
Desember 2011: Kim wafat pada 17
Desember dan dua hari kemudian digantikan
oleh putra ketiganya, Kim Jong-un.

WikiLeaks cables: Kim Jong-il son's idol Eric Clapton asked to perform in North Korea

musik is universal
-------

To see this story with its related links on the guardian.co.uk site, go to http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/dec/11/eric-clapton-north-korea-wikileaks

WikiLeaks cables: Kim Jong-il son's idol Eric Clapton asked to perform in North Korea

Officials believed rock concert might persuade their leader to allow humanitarian aid into country

Amelia Hill
Sunday December 12 2010
The Observer

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/dec/11/eric-clapton-north-korea-wikileaks

North Korea asked America to arrange an Eric Clapton concert in Pyongyang [http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/us-embassy-cables-documents/109343" title="embassy cables document link], saying that it could help to persuade Kim Jong-il to allow humanitarian aid into the country.

A confidential cable dated 22 May 2007 from the US ambassador in Seoul to Washington reveals North Korean officials "suggested" to the Americans that because Kim Jong-il's second son, Kim Jong-chol, was "a great fan" of the British guitarist, a "performance could be an opportunity to build goodwill". The report adds that "arranging an Eric Clapton concert in Pyongyang? could be useful, given Kim Jong-il's second son's devotion to the rock legend".

The suggestion was unusual: rock and pop are forbidden in North Korea because of their western influences. But it appears to have met with some success: in 2008, it was reported that Clapton had "in principle" agreed to perform in North Korea in 2009 [http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/feb/26/korea" title=" "in principle" agreed to perform in North Korea in 2009"> "in principle].

The request was portrayed by North Korea as a way to "promote understanding" between the communist nation and the west. "These cultural exchanges are a way of promoting understanding between countries," a North Korean official said at the time, referring to plans by the New York Philharmonic Orchestra to perform in Pyongyang, while the North Korean State Symphony Orchestra would perform in London."We want our music to be understood by the western world, and we want our people to understand western music."

The plan later appeared to stall, however, with Clapton denying that he had agreed to take part. His spokeswoman put out a statement saying that he "receives numerous offers to play in countries around the world", and "there is no agreement whatsoever for him to play in North Korea".

Music has been used to advance the cause of diplomacy towards North Korea in the past, just as US orchestral visits to the Soviet Union were deployed in the 1950s during the cold war.

The New York Philharmonic visited Pyongyang in 2008 to play a concert that constituted the largest US presence in the reclusive state since the Korean war. The trip was authorised by the US state department amid deadlock on North Korea's nuclear programme.

At the time, it was welcomed by the then US secretary of state, Condoleezza Rice, although she cautioned against expectations that it would lead to dramatic change. "I don't think we should get carried away with what listening to Dvorak is going to do in North Korea," she said.

North Korean authorities went to unprecedented lengths to accommodate the orchestra, allowing a delegation of nearly 300 people to fly to Pyongyang for a 48-hour period and taking down the anti-American posters that usually line the streets of the city.

News of the Clapton request is revealed in a confidential cable detailing a briefing between the US ambassador in Seoul and a leading human rights worker in the region.

Despite increased openness by the North Korean ministry of public health to outside aid, the contact revealed the problems he faced as "an outsider [trying] to get anything done" in a country where "each institution seems to have veto power, but none has the power to push anything forward".

Describing his frustrations in